Kazár

Kazár's most unique natural formation is rhyolitic tuff, which formed about 20 million years ago during the middle Miocene epoch, thus contemporaneous with the Mátra and Karancs mountains. Likely, this material was scattered during volcanic eruptions from Mátra, ranging in size from dust to several decimeters. The soft tuff surface was shaped by water erosion, carving complex branching gullies that left behind cones and ridges, a phenomenon geomorphology refers to as badlands. These areas were protected from erosion by larger debris. The terrain is navigable with caution in dry weather but is not recommended during rain, as it becomes slippery like soap and clings to shoes and clothing, almost indelibly. Near this hill, another geological curiosity can be found. This geological section showcases the upper part of the Ottnangian stage and the basal formations of the Carpathian stage. Nested within the overlay of the uppermost brown coal seam, clayey and then sandy cover formations contain two layers of Cardium (cockle) fauna, and above that, fine-grained loose sandstone contains remains of Congeria ("goat's hoof"). While the spectacle may be of interest only to laypersons, experts—analyzing the stratification and the fossils found within—have drawn important conclusions for the stratigraphic evaluation of other similar areas in the country and for explaining the formation of sedimentary rocks in former lagoonal areas.