Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano)

The history of the basilica dates back to Emperor Constantine the Great, who, after the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, donated the confiscated estate of the Lateranus family to the Pope. The first official Christian church was built here and consecrated in AD 324.

Over the centuries, the basilica faced many challenges: fires, earthquakes, and acts of vandalism, yet it was rebuilt every time. Its current stunning Baroque appearance was achieved in the 17th century when Francesco Borromini's brilliant designs completely transformed the interior, and Alessandro Galilei completed the façade in the 18th century. In 1929, the Lateran Treaty, which recognised the independence of the Vatican, was signed here.

The complex houses several world-famous artistic and religious treasures:

• The monumental statues of the Apostles: The twelve massive statues of the Apostles standing in Borromini's niches in the nave are masterpieces of Baroque sculpture.

• The Papal Altar: Under the baldachin, relics believed to be the skulls of Saints Peter and Paul are preserved.

• The Cloister: The 13th-century Cosmatesque-style cloister is a haven of peace, with its twisted columns and delicate mosaic inlays, a masterpiece of medieval art.

• The Holy Stairs (Scala Santa): Located opposite the basilica, this staircase, according to tradition, was brought from Jerusalem by Saint Helena and is believed to be the steps Jesus climbed to face Pontius Pilate.

Visiting the Lateran Basilica is a perfect example of sustainable urban tourism, as it is located away from the busiest tourist routes.

• Slow Travel: As it is less visited than St Peter's Basilica, it offers a truly spiritual experience and tranquillity. The spacious surroundings and nearby parks (e.g., Villa Celimontana) provide opportunities for peaceful relaxation away from the crowds.

• Public Transport: The basilica is easily accessible from the San Giovanni metro station on Line A, and several tram and bus lines stop in front of it. Avoid arriving by car, as parking in the area is challenging and environmentally harmful!

• Digital Information: Use the QR codes placed in the church to access information instead of taking printed leaflets.

• Dress Code: As with all sacred places, covered shoulders and knees are mandatory here. Respectful attire is part of cultural sustainability, helping to preserve the dignity of the site for worshippers.

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